Definition

Downstream oil and gas refers to the refining, processing, and distribution segment of the petroleum industry. This phase transforms crude oil and raw natural gas into finished products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, petrochemicals, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and manages the marketing and distribution of these products to end consumers.

UAE Context

ADNOC’s downstream operations are centred at the Ruwais Industrial Complex in Abu Dhabi’s Al Dhafra region, one of the world’s largest integrated refining and petrochemical complexes. Ruwais includes the ADNOC Refining facilities (capacity exceeding 900,000 barrels per day) and Borouge, a joint venture with Borealis producing polyolefins. The Ruwais complex has undergone significant expansion, including the ADNOC Refining expansion and the TA’ZIZ chemicals zone, which aims to attract international partners for specialty chemical production.

Vision 2031 Relevance

Downstream value addition is central to the Forward Economy pillar’s diversification objectives. By converting crude oil into higher-value products domestically rather than exporting raw crude, the UAE captures more economic value per barrel and creates industrial employment aligned with the Operation 300bn manufacturing strategy.

Related Terms

• Upstream Oil — Exploration and production
• Ruwais — Industrial complex location
• Petrochemicals — Chemical products from oil